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The Role of Intervention Studies in Ascertaining the Contribution of Dietary Factors in Lung Cancer
11 auth. G. Omenn, G. Goodman, G. Kleinman, L. Rosenstock, S. Barnhart, P. Feigl, ...
The U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) has set a goal to prevent up to 50 percent of the number of cancer deaths otherwise projected to occur annually by the year 2000. Reductions in the prevalence of cigarette smoking and changes in diet represen…
The U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) has set a goal to prevent up to 50 percent of the number of cancer deaths otherwise projected to occur annually by the year 2000. Reductions in the prevalence of cigarette smoking and changes in diet represent the main objectives. Dietary factors in the etiology and potentially in the prevention of various kinds of cancer have received increasing attention since Doll and Peto' suggested that cancer mortality in the United States might be reduced by as much as 35 percent through practicable dietary means. That conclusion may be characterized as the "residue" left after critical consideration of cigarette smoking, alcohol, known occupational carcinogens, air and water pollutants, radiation, and carcinogenic biological agents. In the NCI-supported Cancer Prevention Research Unit at the University of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, we are engaged in a variety of intervention studies aimed at testing the hypothesis that specific dietary factors may be important in specific kinds of cancer at the same time as we test whether changes in those factors can reduce the incidence of those cancers. These modifications include retinoids for lung cancer, folate for cervical cancer, and a low-fat diet for breast cancer. Certain aspects of these studies have been reported p rev iou~ ly .~ .~ Lung cancer is the leading cancer cause of death in the United States, responsible for approximately 110,000 deaths per year. More than 80 percent of cases are due to cigarette smoking. About 4,000 cases may be due to irradiation from
Published in
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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1
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2 | 1988 |
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