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Bovine genetic sex determination through DNA testing.
M. Michescu, G. Ghişe, A. Grozea, A. Guler, D. Dronca, I. Vintilă
INTRODUCTION Sexual dimorphism is a natural phenomenon manifested through marked morphological and functional differences between the two sexes. The sexual hormones specific to both sexes determine that the same genes and combination of genes to man…
INTRODUCTION Sexual dimorphism is a natural phenomenon manifested through marked morphological and functional differences between the two sexes. The sexual hormones specific to both sexes determine that the same genes and combination of genes to manifest differently as dimension and quality in males than in females. To obtain only animals having the breeder's desired sex is a source of additional incomes that are positively reverberated upon the product financial competitively. In order to have greater possibilities to replace old or less productive females, the breeder will be interested to obtain only female calves (Thibier and Nibart, 1995). There are opposite situations when the breeder wants to obtain male only calves. That is the case for the breeders specialized in bovine meat production or that of those breeding bulls for replacing the males used for artificial insemination. Therefore, the production of animals of the desired sex is an objective that would increase the competitively of the products obtained in bovine breeding farms. In the specialty literature there were described several successful methods for obtaining animals of the desired sex (van Vilet et al., 1989). To achieve such a goal, there are two ways to do it : marking and selecting the spermatozoa’s carrying the Y chromosome, preimplantational embryos sex determination in blastocist stage. We are interested in sex-determination of the preimplantational embryos, because they are produced in our laboratory, through female superovulation or "in vitro" fertilization of maturated oovocites. Thus, the development of some laboratory methods that allow the identification of the somatic cells carrying the X or Y-gonosome, is essential in the elaboration of a method for preimplantational embryo sex determination. These were the reasons why we tried to assimilate the PCR technique that allows us the visualization of DNA sequences specific to the X and Y-chromosomes.
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