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New data and an old puzzle: the negative association between schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis.
144 auth. S. H. Lee, Enda M. Byrne, C. Hultman, A. Kähler, A. Vinkhuyzen, S. Ripke, O. Andreassen, T. Frisell, A. Gusev, Xinli Hu, R. Karlsson, Vasilis X Mantzioris, J. Mcgrath, D. Mehta, E. Stahl, ... Qiongyi Zhao, K. Kendler, P. Sullivan, A. Price, M. O’Donovan, Y. Okada, B. Mowry, S. Raychaudhuri, N. Wray, W. Byerley, W. Cahn, R. Cantor, S. Cichon, P. Cormican, D. Curtis, S. Djurovic, V. Escott-Price, P. Gejman, L. Georgieva, I. Giegling, T. Hansen, A. Ingason, Yunjung Kim, B. Konte, Phil H. Lee, A. McIntosh, A. McQuillin, D. Morris, M. Nöthen, C. O’Dushlaine, A. Olincy, L. Olsen, C. Pato, M. Pato, B. Pickard, D. Posthuma, H. Rasmussen, M. Rietschel, D. Rujescu, T. Schulze, J. Silverman, S. Thirumalai, T. Werge, I. Agartz, F. Amin, M. Azevedo, N. Bass, D. Black, D. Blackwood, R. Bruggeman, N. Buccola, K. Choudhury, Robert C. Cloninger, A. Corvin, N. Craddock, M. Daly, S. Datta, G. Donohoe, J. Duan, F. Dudbridge, A. Fanous, R. Freedman, N. Freimer, M. Friedl, M. Gill, H. Gurling, L. de Haan, M. Hamshere, A. Hartmann, P. Holmans, R. Kahn, M. Keller, E. Kenny, G. Kirov, L. Krabbendam, R. Krasucki, J. Lawrence, T. Lencz, D. Levinson, J. Lieberman, D. Lin, D. Linszen, P. Magnusson, W. Maier, A. Malhotra, M. Mattheisen, M. Mattingsdal, S. Mccarroll, H. Medeiros, I. Melle, V. Milanova, I. Myin‐Germeys, B. Neale, R. Ophoff, M. Owen, J. Pimm, S. Purcell, V. Puri, D. Quested, L. Rossin, D. Ruderfer, A. Sanders, Jianxin Shi, P. Sklar, D. St. Clair, T. Stroup, J. van os, P. Visscher, D. Wiersma, S. Zammit, S. L. Bridges, Hyon K. Choi, M. Coenen, N. de Vries, Philippe Dieud, J. Greenberg, T. Huizinga, L. Padyukov, K. Siminovitch, P. Tak, Jane Worthington, P. D. De Jager, J. Denny, P. Gregersen, L. Klareskog, X. Mariette, R. Plenge, M. van Laar, P. V. van Riel
BACKGROUND A long-standing epidemiological puzzle is the reduced rate of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in those with schizophrenia (SZ) and vice versa. Traditional epidemiological approaches to determine if this negative association is underpinned by ge…
BACKGROUND A long-standing epidemiological puzzle is the reduced rate of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in those with schizophrenia (SZ) and vice versa. Traditional epidemiological approaches to determine if this negative association is underpinned by genetic factors would test for reduced rates of one disorder in relatives of the other, but sufficiently powered data sets are difficult to achieve. The genomics era presents an alternative paradigm for investigating the genetic relationship between two uncommon disorders. METHODS We use genome-wide common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from independently collected SZ and RA case-control cohorts to estimate the SNP correlation between the disorders. We test a genotype X environment (GxE) hypothesis for SZ with environment defined as winter- vs summer-born. RESULTS We estimate a small but significant negative SNP-genetic correlation between SZ and RA (-0.046, s.e. 0.026, P = 0.036). The negative correlation was stronger for the SNP set attributed to coding or regulatory regions (-0.174, s.e. 0.071, P = 0.0075). Our analyses led us to hypothesize a gene-environment interaction for SZ in the form of immune challenge. We used month of birth as a proxy for environmental immune challenge and estimated the genetic correlation between winter-born and non-winter born SZ to be significantly less than 1 for coding/regulatory region SNPs (0.56, s.e. 0.14, P = 0.00090). CONCLUSIONS Our results are consistent with epidemiological observations of a negative relationship between SZ and RA reflecting, at least in part, genetic factors. Results of the month of birth analysis are consistent with pleiotropic effects of genetic variants dependent on environmental context.
Published in International Journal of Epidemiology
8
 5 2015