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GWAS of 126,559 Individuals Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with Educational Attainment
203 auth. C. A. Rietveld, S. Medland, J. Derringer, Jian Yang, T. Esko, Nicolas W. Martin, H. Westra, K. Shakhbazov, A. Abdellaoui, A. Agrawal, E. Albrecht, B. Alizadeh, N. Amin, J. Barnard, S. Baumeister, ... K. Benke, L. Bielak, J. Boatman, P. Boyle, G. Davies, C. D. Leeuw, N. Eklund, D. S. Evans, Rudolf Ferhmann, K. Fischer, C. Gieger, H. Gjessing, S. Hägg, J. Harris, C. Hayward, C. Holzapfel, C. Ibrahim-Verbaas, E. Ingelsson, B. Jacobsson, Peter K. Joshi, A. Jugessur, M. Kaakinen, S. Kanoni, J. Karjalainen, I. Kolčić, K. Kristiansson, Z. Kutalik, J. Lahti, S. Lee, Peng Lin, P. Lind, Yongmei Liu, K. Lohman, M. Loitfelder, George Mcmahon, P. M. Vidal, Osorio Meirelles, L. Milani, Ronny Myhre, Marja-Liisa Nuotio, C. Oldmeadow, K. Petrovic, W. Peyrot, O. Polašek, L. Quaye, E. Reinmaa, J. Rice, T. S. Rizzi, H. Schmidt, R. Schmidt, A. Smith, Jennifer A. Smith, Toshiko Tanaka, A. Terracciano, Matthijs J. H. M. van der Loos, V. Vitart, H. Völzke, J. Wellmann, Lei Yu, Wei Zhao, J. Allik, J. Attia, S. Bandinelli, F. Bastardot, J. Beauchamp, D. Bennett, K. Berger, L. Bierut, D. Boomsma, U. Bültmann, H. Campbell, C. Chabris, L. Cherkas, M. Chung, F. Cucca, M. Andrade, P. D. Jager, J. Neve, I. Deary, G. Dedoussis, P. Deloukas, M. Dimitriou, Guoný Eiríksdóttir, Martin F. Elderson, J. Eriksson, D. Evans, J. Faul, L. Ferrucci, M. Garcia, H. Grönberg, Vilmundur Guonason, P. Hall, Juliette M. Harris, T. Harris, N. Hastie, A. Heath, D. Hernandez, W. Hoffmann, A. Hofman, R. Holle, E. Holliday, J. Hottenga, W. Iacono, T. Illig, M. Järvelin, M. Kähönen, J. Kaprio, R. Kirkpatrick, M. Kowgier, A. Latvala, L. Launer, D. Lawlor, T. Lehtimäki, Jingmei Li, P. Lichtenstein, P. Lichtner, D. Liewald, P. Madden, P. Magnusson, Tomi E. Mäkinen, Marco Masala, M. McGue, A. Metspalu, A. Mielck, Michael B. Miller, G. Montgomery, S. Mukherjee, D. Nyholt, B. Oostra, L. Palmer, A. Palotie, B. Penninx, M. Perola, P. Peyser, M. Preisig, K. Räikkönen, O. Raitakari, A. Realo, S. Ring, S. Ripatti, F. Rivadeneira, I. Rudan, A. Rustichini, V. Salomaa, Antti-Pekka Sarin, D. Schlessinger, R. Scott, H. Snieder, B. S. Pourcain, J. Starr, J. Sul, I. Surakka, R. Svento, A. Teumer, H. Tiemeier, F. V. Rooij, D. R. Wagoner, E. Vartiainen, J. Viikari, P. Vollenweider, J. Vonk, G. Waeber, D. Weir, H. Wichmann, E. Widén, G. Willemsen, James F. Wilson, A. Wright, D. Conley, G. Davey-Smith, L. Franke, P. Groenen, A. Hofman, M. Johannesson, S. Kardia, R. Krueger, David Laibson, N. Martin, M. Meyer, D. Posthuma, R. Thurik, N. Timpson, A. Uitterlinden, C. Duijn, P. Visscher, D. Benjamin, D. Cesarini, P. Koellinger
Genetic College Many genomic elements in humans are associated with behavior, including educational attainment. In a genome-wide association study including more than 100,000 samples, Rietveld et al. (p. 1467, published online 30 May; see the Perspe…
Genetic College Many genomic elements in humans are associated with behavior, including educational attainment. In a genome-wide association study including more than 100,000 samples, Rietveld et al. (p. 1467, published online 30 May; see the Perspective by Flint and Munafò) looked for genes related to educational attainment in Caucasians. Small genetic effects at three loci appeared to impact educational attainment. Three genetic loci are found to explain variation associated with educational achievement. [Also see Perspective by Flint and Munafò] A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment was conducted in a discovery sample of 101,069 individuals and a replication sample of 25,490. Three independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genome-wide significant (rs9320913, rs11584700, rs4851266), and all three replicate. Estimated effects sizes are small (coefficient of determination R2 ≈ 0.02%), approximately 1 month of schooling per allele. A linear polygenic score from all measured SNPs accounts for ≈2% of the variance in both educational attainment and cognitive function. Genes in the region of the loci have previously been associated with health, cognitive, and central nervous system phenotypes, and bioinformatics analyses suggest the involvement of the anterior caudate nucleus. These findings provide promising candidate SNPs for follow-up work, and our effect size estimates can anchor power analyses in social-science genetics.
Published in Science
751
 9 2013